About
Aims and scope
European Radiology is the flagship journal of the European Society of Radiology with an Impact Factor of 4.7.
It continuously updates scientific knowledge in the field of radiology by publishing strong original articles and state-of-the-art reviews authored by leading radiologists. A well-balanced combination of review articles, original papers, short communications from European radiological congresses and information on society matters makes the journal an indispensable source for current information in this field.
The journal is one of the most widely disseminated journals in radiology. Active members of the ESR have full electronic access as part of their membership.
Editor in Chief
Univ. Prof. Dr. Bernd Hamm, MD
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
bernd.hamm@european-radiology.org
Editors
Prof. Dr. med. Hatem Alkadhi,
MD, MPH, University Hospital Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland
Deputy Editor
Assoc. Prof. Rossano Girometti, MD
University of Udine,
Udine, Italy
Deputy Editor
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Helmut Prosch, MD
Medical University of Vienna,
Vienna, Austria
Deputy Editor
Brendan Kelly, MB BCh BAO, BSc, MSc, FFRRCSI
Great Ormond Street Hospital
for Children NHS Foundation Trust,
London, United Kingdom
Social Media Editor
Avneesh Chhabra, MD, MBA
UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, United States
Deputy Editor
Prof. Dr. med. Rolf W Günther, MD
Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin,
Berlin, Germany
Deputy Editor
Assoc. Prof. Roh-Eul Yoo, PhD, MD
Seoul National University Hospital,
Seoul, Republic of Korea
Deputy Editor
José M. García Santos, PhD, MD
Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
Deputy Editor
Asst. Prof. Daniel Pinto dos Santos,
MD, University Hospitals of Cologne
and Frankfurt, Germany
Deputy Editor
Assoc. Prof. Giulia Zamboni, MD
University of Verona,
Verona, Italy
Deputy Editor
Junior Deputy Editors
Matthias Eberhard, PD Dr. med., University Hospital Zurich,
Zurich, Switzerland
Fabian Elsholtz, MD, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Vera C W Keil, MD, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Marie-Luise Kromrey, MD, Institute and Policlinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Carl Gustav Carus University, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Asst. Prof. Ghizlane Lembarki, MD, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
Osman Öcal, MD, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Erika Pace, MD, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, England, United Kingdom.
Andrea Ponsiglione, PhD, MD, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Asst. Prof. Tiffany Y T So, MD, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Martin J Willemink, PhD, MD, FSCCT, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
Scientific Editorial Board
Breast
Section Editor: Theodora Kanavou, PhD, MD, EBBI., Diagnostiki Mastou, Larissa, Greece
Manisha Bahl, MD, MPH. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
Barbara Bennani-Baiti, PhD, MD, MSc, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Paola Clauser, PhD, MD, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Deirdre Coll, MB BcH BAO, MRCP, FRCR, FFR RCSI, Rad MD, New York, United States
Lucien Duijm, PhD, MD, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Francesca Maio, MD, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Benoît Mesurolle, MD, MSc, Pôle Santé République, Elsan, Clermont-Ferrand, France
Kristin Pedersen, MSc, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
Prof. Katja Pinker, PhD, MD, EBBI, FISMRM, Cornell University, New York, United States
Roxana Pintican, PhD, MD, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Valeria Romeo, PhD, MD, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Elnaz Tabibian, MD-MPH, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Petra Valkovic Zujic, PhD, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
Cardiac
Section Editor: Prof. Marco Francone, PhD, MD, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Csilla Celeng, PhD, MD, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Jean–Nicholas Dacher, PhD, MD, University Hospital of Rouen-Normandy, Rouen, France
Benjamin Dubourg, MD, Saint Augustin Clinic, Bordeaux, France
Borek Foldyna, MD, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
Richard Hallett, MD, St. Vincent Indianapolis Hospital, Indianapolis, United States
Akira Kurata, PhD, MD, Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Japan
Marcel C Langenbach, MD, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Maksymilian Opolski, PhD, MD, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
Hideki Ota, MD, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
Uliana Pidvalna, PhD, MD, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
Richard Takx, PhD, MD, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Jonathan Weir-McCall, MD, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Chest
Section Editor: Ullrich Gerd Müller-Lisse, MD, MBA. LMU-Klinikum, Munich, Germany
David Baldwin, MD, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
Guillaume Chassagnon, PhD, MD, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Constance de Margerie-Mellon, PhD, MD. Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
Asst. Prof. Grace Hyun Kim, PhD, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
Hyungjin Kim, PhD, MD, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Mohana Letchumanan, BSc, MD, DRad, Selayang Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Tahreema N Matin, DPhil, MBBS, AICSM, BSc (HONS), FRCR, Health Education England, Oxford, United Kingdom
Juana María Plasencia Martínez, PhD, MD, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
Annemiek Snoeckx, PhD, MD, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
Martin Watzenböck, MD, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Masahiro Yanagawa, PhD, MD, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
Computed Tomography
Section Editor: Denis Tack, PhD, MD, Epicura, Saint-Ghislain, Belgium
Prof. Thorsten R Fleiter, MD, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States
Nils Große-Hokamp, PhD, MD, MBA, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Friedrich Knollmann, PhD, MD, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
Simon Lennartz, MD, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Fides R Schwartz, MD, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
Stephan Skornitzke, PhD, Philips Healthcare, Heidelberg, Germany
Contrast Media
Section Editor: Torkel Brismar, PhD, MD, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Piera Robson, PhD, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
Matthias Taupitz, MD, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Emergency
Section Editor: Prof. Pierre-Alexandre Poletti, MD, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Kelley Branch, MD, MSc, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
Barbara Brogna, MD, National Speciality Hospital San Giuseppe, Avellino, Italy
Francesco Lassandro, MD, Boscotrecase Hospital ASL Napoli 3 Sud, Naples, Italy
Gastrointestinal-Abdominal
Section Editor: Sabine Schmidt-Kobbe, MD, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Valeria Chernina, MD, LLC “IRA Labs”, Moscow, Russian Federation
Prof. Stefano Colagrande, MD, Florence School of Medicine, Florence, Italy
Prof. Joost Drenth, PhD, MD, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Jia Fu, PhD, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
Fiona Kolbinger, MD, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States & University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Germany
Doenja Lambregts, PhD, MD, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Wai Ling Leong, MB BCh BAO (NUI), MRAD (UM), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Cesare Maino, MD, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
Assoc. Prof. Ramiro Méndez, MD, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
Andrew Plumb, MD, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Charikleia Triantopoulou, PhD, MD, Konstantopouleio General Hospital, Athens, Greece
Marie-Pierre Vullierme, MD, Hôpital Beaujon – Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Clichy, France
Prof. Kengo Yoshimitsu, PhD, MD, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
Head and Neck
Section Editor: José Luis del Cura, PHD, MD, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
Toshimasa Clark, MD, University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, United States
Jan Jiskra, PhD, MD, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Chun-Jung Juan, PhD, MD, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Chinese Taipei
Georgios Kontorinis, PhD, MSc, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Ji Ye Lee, MD, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Younghen Lee, PhD, MD, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
Takashi Nakamura, PhD, DDS, Nagasaki University Graduate, Nagasaki, Japan
Prof. Soraya Robinson, MD, Imaging Urania, Vienna, Austria
Yongsik Sim, MD, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Imaging Informatics and Artificial Intelligence
Section Editor: Burak Kocak, MD, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
Tugba Akinci D’Antonoli, MD, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Basel, Switzerland
Leonid Chepelev, MD, PhD, FRCPC, DABR, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Linda Chu, MD, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
Renato Cuocolo, PhD, MD, University of Salerno, Naples, Italy
Colin Jacobs, PhD, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Brendan Kelly, MB BCh BAO, BSc, MSc, FFRRCSI, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
Hyun Soo Ko, MD, Melbourne VIC Australia, Melbourne, Australia
Philipp Seeböck, MD, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Jennifer Tang, MD, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
Yee Liang Thian, MD, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Henk van Voorst, PhD, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Alan Wang, MD, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Jan Witowski, PhD, MD, Ataraxis AI, New York, United States
Derya Yakar, MD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Zhongyi Zhang, MRes, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
The Editors in Chief of the European Journal for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and European Radiology wish to collaborate and strengthen the ties between the journals and scientific communities. Therefore, experts from both sides were invited to join the Editorial Boards to act as ambassadors and serve as reviewers in areas of interdisciplinary research.
Magnetic Resonance
Section Editor: Thiery Metens, PhD, Université libre de Bruxelles- Hôpital Erasme HUB, Brussels, Belgium
Prof. Dr. rer. nat Olaf Dietrich, MD, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany
Assoc. Prof. Nikolaos Kartalis, MD, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Yi-Jui Liu, PhD, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Chinese Taipei
Maxime Ronot, PhD, MD, Hôpital Beaujo, Clichy, France
Musculoskeletal
Section Editor: Thomas M. Link, PhD, MD, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
Zehra Akkaya, MD, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
Shivani Ahlawat, MD, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
Atilla Hikmet Cilengir, MD, Izmir Democracy University, Izmir, Türkiye
Julia Crim, MD, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, United States
Michail Klontzas, PhD, MD, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
Carolina Lins, MD, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Brazil
Paul Michelin, MD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rouen, Rouen, France
Levon Nazarian, MD, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
Jennifer Ni Mhuircheartaigh, MD, MB BCh BAO, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
Bernhard Tins, MD, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic and District Hospital NHS Trust, Oswestry, United Kingdom
Maria Tzalonikou, MD, Hygeia-Mitera Private Hospital Group, Athens, Greece
Masataka Uetani, MD, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
Jingyu Zhong, MD, Tongren Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Neuro
Section Editor: Neeraj Chaudhary, MD, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, United States
Bilal Battal, MD, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
Hsiao-Wen Chung, PhD, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Chinese Taipei
Olivia Fösleitner, PhD, MD, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Yasutaka Fushimi, PhD, MD, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
Jeffrey Guenette, MD, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, United States
Jinhee Jang, PhD, MD, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Maria Marcella Lagana, MD, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
Riccardo Levi, PhD, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
Assoc. Prof. Zhi-Cheng Li, PhD, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
Shanshan Lu, PhD, MD, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
Riccardo Pascuzzo, PhD, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
Albert Pons-Escoda, MD, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
Mario Quarantelli, MD, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
Yuki Shinohara, PhD, MD, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels-Akita, Akita, Japan
Khin Tha, PhD, MD, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
Section Editor: Mijin Yun, MD, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Abass Alavi, MD, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
Clemens Cyran, MD, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
Willem Grootjans, PhD, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Margarita Kirienko, PhD, MD, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
Andrew Scarsbrook, BMedSci, BMBS, FRCR, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
Dennis Vriens, PhD, MD, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Oncology
Section Editor: Victoria Chernyak, MD, MSc, memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
Prof. Regina Beets-Tan, MD, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Carlos Bilreiro, MD, Fundação Champalimaud, Lisbon, Portugal
Matthew Blackledge, MD, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
Frederik De Keyzer, MSc, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Arash Latifoltojar, PhD, MD, MSc, FRCR. University College London, London, United Kingdom
Giorgia Porrello, MD, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Francesca Maccioni, MD, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Sebastien Mulé, PhD, MD, Hôpital Henri Mondor (Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor), Creteil, France
Vincent Vandecaveye, PhD, MD, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Mathilde Vermersch, MD, Centre Hospitalier de Valenciennes, Valenciennes, France
Pediatric
Section Editor: Prof. Fabio Triulzi, MD, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Rita Carneiro, MD, Hospital Dona Estefânia, Lisbon, Portugal
Somi Lee, MD, Kyungpook national university, Daegu, Republic of Korea
Prof. Dr. Diane Renz, MD, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
Peter Strouse, MD, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
Prof. Rick van Rijn, PhD, MD, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Physics
Section Editor: Michael Seidenbusch, MD, University Hospital München, Munich, Germany
Chiara Giraudo, PhD, MD, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
Joel Greffier, PhD. Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
Mary Mojica Pisciotti, PhD, St. Ann’s University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Kishore Rajendran, PHD, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
Ursula Reiter, PhD, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Dennis Remedios, MA, MBBS, MRCP, FRCR, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Zijian Zhou, PhD, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
Ultrasound
Section Editor: Giovanna Ferraioli, MD, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Aiguo Han, PhD. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States
Prof. Wei Wang, MD, PhD, Departments of Medical Ultrasonics, Guangzhou, China
Urogenital
Section Editor: Alberto Vargas, MD, FRCR, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
Lisa Adams, MD, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
Yuki Arita, MD, PhD, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
Prof. Mohammad Abd Alkhalik Basha, MD, Zagazig University Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt
Sonia Gaur, MD, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, United States
Minobu Kamo, MD, PhD, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Maka Kekelidze, PhD, MD, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Prof. Peter McCarthy, MD, University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
Assoc. Prof. Valdair Muglia, PhD, MD, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
Prof. Valeria Panebianco, MD, Università di Roma La Sapienza Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
Prof. Haytham Shebel, MD, EDiUR; Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Arnaldo Stanzione, MD, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
Stephan Ursprung, PhD, Tuebingen University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
Assoc. Prof., Athina Tsili, PhD, MD, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
Haoxin Zheng, PhD, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
Vascular-Interventional
Section Editor: Univ. Doz. Dr. Roland Dorffner, MD, MR-CT Institut Dr. Karner, Neusiedl am See, Austria
Prof. Adrian Brady, FFRRCSI, FRCR, FRCPC, FRCPI, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Luc Defreyne, PhD, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
Alexander Gross, MD, EBIR, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
Kensaku Mori, PhD, MD, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
Susanne Smolka, MD, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Hidenori Toyoda, PhD, MD, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
Jos C Van Den Berg, PhD, MD, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
Jan Vosshenrich, MD, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Publication Ethics
Section Editor: Adrian K. Dixon, FRCR, FRCP, FRCS, FMedSc, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Prof. Maximilian F. Reiser, MD, LMU-Klinikum, Munich, Germany
Prof. Malgorzata Szczerbo-Trojanowska, MD, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Advisory Editorial Board
European Society of Breast Imaging
Ritse Mann, PhD, MD, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology
Prof. Luigi Natale, MD, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology
Marc Zins, MD, Hôpital Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
European Society of Head and Neck Radiology
Steve Connor, MD, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
European Society for Hybrid, Molecular and Translational Imaging
Prof. Dr. med. Johannes Rübenthaler, MHBA, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
European Society of Medical Imaging Informatics
Erik Ranschaert, PhD, MD, St. Nikolaus Hospital, Eupen, Belgium
European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology
Alberto Bazzocchi, PhD, MD, The “Rizzoli” Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
European Society of Neuroradiology
Prof. Luigi Manfré, MD, Institute of Oncology in Mediterranean I.O.M., Catania, Italy
European Society of Oncologic Imaging
Prof. Dr. med. Heinz-Peter Schlemmer, PhD, MD, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
European Society of Paediatric Radiology
Prof. Rick van Rijn, PhD, MD, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
European Society of Thoracic Imaging
Asst. Prof. Anna Rita Larici, MD, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
European Society of Urogenital Radiology
Marie-France Bellin, MD, Hôpital Bicêtre, Villejuif, France
Contact
Editorial Office
c/o European Society of Radiology, Scientific Publications Department
Am Gestade 1, 1010 Vienna, Austria
e-mail: office@european-radiology.org
phone: +43-1-533 40 64-0